ISTM勉強
I. EPIDEMIOLOGY (10%)
A. Basic concepts (e.g. morbidity, mortality, incidence, prevalence)
B. Geographic specificity/global distribution of diseases and potential health hazards
Basic concept
Health⇒A complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of illness. ( WHO )
Disease⇒Medically defined abnormal change in the structure of functioning of the human body.
Illness⇒Subjective experience or perception of disease.
Population⇒A collection of living individuals
Sample⇒A selection of individuals from a population
Group⇒A subselection of individuals from a sample
Event⇒Any specified health outcome
Rate⇒Probability of an event in a defined population during specified time
Ratio⇒Expression of relationship between that may or may not be related
Proportion⇒relationship of a part of an event or group to its whole
Incidence⇒Rate of event in a defined population over time
Prevelence⇒Rate of event in a defined population at a specified time
Attributable risk⇒Incidence rate of a specified event among the intervention group compared to that of the control group
Relative risk⇒Ratioof the incidence of a specified event among the intervention group to that of the control group
Morbidity⇒measured as incidence or prevelence of a specific disease
Mortality⇒measured as rate of death in specific populations or from specific diseases
Epidemic⇒Occurrence of a disease within a community in excess of normal expectancy
Endemic⇒Habitual presence of disease within a community
Pandemic⇒Epidemic which is worldwide
Host⇒Living object that naturally harbours and nourishes an infectious agent
Carrier⇒Living object that harbours an infectious agent in absence of disease
Resevoir⇒Living or inert object that harbours an infectious agent in absence of disease
Vector⇒Invertebrate animal that may serve as agent of transmission of an infectious anent to vertebrate
Fomite⇒Inert object that may serve as agent of transmission of an infectious agent
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